Sci 220 Week 1

fodder and Health Worksheet 1. What is sustentation? Why is nutrition necessity to our daily lives? Nutrition is defined as the science that links fares to wellness and disease. Nutrition is also called nourishment that provides government activityn for support of manners. Nutrition involves the cognitive process of humans ingesting, digesting, absorbing, and excreting food substances. Food provides energy in the exploit of calories needed to maintain all tune cells.Nutrients argon the substances obtained from food that argon an important factor to promote cr fertiliseeth & maintain a sanitary proboscis through an individualistics life. 2. What is the connection between nutrition and health? Nutrition is an important lifestyle factor that promotes growth and maintains a rose-cheeked body throughout an individuals life. If an individual lives a sedentary life style and maintains a poor feed he/she exit last at assay for developing life intemperate diseases v arying in antithetical conditions from chronic and acute.Examples of such diseases included but not express mail to be heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and cancer. Life threatening diseases menti whizzd in a higher place and other disorders will & may contribute too many deaths jeopardize factors such as hereditary, life style choices or poor nutritionary habits also contribute to life threatening diseases. 3. What are the six classes of nutritives? What are essential nutrients? What are the sources of nutrients?What do nutrients do? The six classes of nutrients include sugarcomposed of hydrogen, carbon, & oxygen provide a major source of calories for the bodyLipids (fats & oils) do up of carbon & hydrogen- used for main energy storage in the bodyProteins- made up of oxygen, hydrogen & carbon-nitrogen- makes up structure of body- muscles, bones, cells, blood, body cells, enzymes, and repellent factors.Vitaminscan be made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitro gen, phosphorus- let in for chemical reactions in bodyMineralsfunctioning play an important role in the nervous system, pissing balance, structural systems, and many other cellular processes, but yield no calories as such for the body. Water transports nutrients and waste-regulates temperature, acts as a lubricant and response for the bodyThe ources of nutrients include plants sources from fruits & vegetables, Nutrients can provide individuals with calories to meet energy needs are genuinely essential for growth, development, maintenance, & to assist in maintaining healthily body functions. 4. How do vitamins and minerals proceed? Vitamins allow for & enable many chemical reactions to occur in the body. Some of these reactions help release the energy trapped in lettuces, lipids, and proteins. musical composition the consumption of vitamins is beneficial to our bodies, over consumption of vitamins is dangerous and can be fatal.Mineralsfunctioning play an important role in t he nervous system, weewee balance, structural systems, and many other cellular processes, but yield no calories as such for the body 5. What does it mean to eat a balance nutriment? Why is food choice important for ripe nutrition? To consume the daily required measures of nutrients from the six major food groups on a daily basis- see belowVegetables, Fruits, Milk, Meat, Beans, and OilsFood provides energy in the form of calories needed to maintain all body cells Food provides energy in the form of calories needed to maintain all body cells.A balance diet mean eating different types foods and a variety of food groups. This authority eating the proper portion size. When eating a balance diet the individual must eat the right amount nutritious.. 6. What is undernutrition? What is overnutrition? Undernutrition occurs when nutrient inhalation does not meet nutrient needs. For example if an individuals press out level becomes low symptoms indicating low levels may not be observ e immediately- Follow up lab work with a physician would view problem therefore requiring tx.Overnutrition is defined as prolonged consumption of more nutrients than the body needs. The most common type of overnutrition in developed nations is an intemperance dreamof calories often leading to obesity. 7. Why is somatogenetic activity important as it relates to nutrition and health? When an individual engages in physical activity, it decreases the sedentary life, promotes estimable emotional well being while maintaining a levelheaded body freight. Physical equateness is very important in order to be fit an individual must us proper nutrition.The effect sundry(a) based on the nutrients that affect the body. When the body needs to repair and grow it uses protein. The body uses carbohydrates during physical activity as an energy source. When an individual is fit the body uses its nutrition to help heal and main certain hydration when conducting physical activity. Healthy ph ysical activity helps the individual sleepy at night, practicable live longer, feel break out, healthy slant. 8. Where might you find dietary recommendations? What are the recommended dietary allowances (RDA)? What are dietary reference wasting diseases (DRIs)? The dietary recommendations can be found in the DRIs. The recommended dietary allowances (RDA) are the recommended allowances of nutrients that are based on meeting the needs of individuals in a certain age and sex activity group. Dietary reference intakes (DRI) is a group of terms that define nutrient needs. Included in the DRI are RDA- recommended daily allowances AIs-adequate intakes EERs-estimated energy requirements &TUIL tolerable intake levels. 9. The United States Department of Agriculture created a plat titled MyPlate. What is this plot?Why should someone study this diagram? The My Pyramid is a diagram designed by the United States Department of Agriculture used to translatenutrient recommendations into a fo odplan that provides a variety, balance,and moderation of nutrients for individuals. If individuals utilize and incorporate this diagram into their plan for healthy eating, it will help them maintain a healthy living lifestyle and body weight therefore decreasing the risk of life threatening diseases. In following this diagram, individuals may live a longer better life. 10. What are some tools for diet planning? The MyPyramid imageizes is a personalised advancement to physical activity along with healthy eating habits. The staple fiber symbol is designed to help remind individuals to start making better food choices when deciding which foods to eat on a daily basic. The MyPyramid symbols recommend foods from to each one food group. The groups are, Vegetables, grain, milk, Fruits, Beans, and Milk, when using the food groups properly this should provide an individual a healthy meal. The last element that was added to the My Primide is physical activity, this element illustrate the slack improvement when working in moderation to achieve a healthy goal.The ultimate use for the MyPyramid is to give individuals a quick guide to how frequently and the portion size an individual should eat. This is based on the food group, gender, age, and the unlike activity physical levels. The Mediterranean diet Pyramid is data from the Mediterranean region that has the lowest chronic diseases along with the highest adult life expectancy. This is basic onepidmiological and natural research. This Pyramid emphasize the benefit of plant food such as fruits, grain, vegetables, nuts, legumes, olives, seeds and olive oil, and emphasize the benefit of eating fish. 11. What is the calorie intake information processing system? What factors does this calculator take into account? The calorie intake calculator is a formula that is used to determine an individuals caloric maintenance. The calorie intake calculator takes an individuals height, age, sex, current weight, gender, and the amount of weight that an individual wants to fall behind into account. There are many different formulas you can use to determine your caloric maintenance level. When your RDI is set the food recipes, meals as a food diary for the individual and this information will display in the RDI. 2. What are some dangers associated with dieting? While dieting can be beneficial to individuals, it can also be very dangerous. There are many problems that can arise as a termination of dieting. Nutritional deficiency is one the major risks when dieting. If an individual is on a fad diet and eating small portions of food, it will result in nutritional deficiency. If an individual is on a low carbohydrate diet, it can cause high blood pressure with the release of dehydrated ketones. If these ketones are released, it can cause nausea and weakness. 13. What is the best way to lose weight?Explain your answer and provide at least one source, formatted consistent with APA guidelines, to suppo rt your answer. The best way to lose weight is to agnise how to select a healthy eating plan. When an individual eats a healthy diet, it provides the body required nutrients in which to perform to the best of their ability. in one case the plan is understood and planned out it can be implemented. The individual can benefit from following the plan therefore reducing the risk of having life threatening diseases. Reference 14. How does exercise influence body weight? When individuals exercise on a regular basis, it helps reduce weight & maintains weight loss. In order to maintain a healthy lifestyle & bear on obesity an individual must maintain a good diet, and work out program. Research has proven that if individuals eat a nutritious meal & exercise on a regular basis, they can lose a epoch-making amount of weight, improve cardio vascular, feel more energetic better that men and women who lead/live a sedentary life. 15. Consider your personal dietary habits. What are some modifi cations you might make to promote good health? I personally have lost a significant amount of weight latterly and was able to do so by reducing the portions of my food by half at each meal, stark out sweets, breads, drinking lots of water ( 8 glasses daily) stop eating at unwavering food restaurants on regular basis- not eating past 700 pm snacking on foods like vegetables, yogurt, salads, fruits in between meals. I do not deny myself food when touching hungry just eat in moderation. I have recently joined a fitness gym and am incorporating an exercise regime to maintain my weight loss and tone my body. 16. How does todays hostelry affect our nutritional habits? In todays society fast food has become a regular part of our daily life. over you turn you see a variety of fast food restaurants tantalising individuals to eat out. Daily routines and lack of time do not allow for some individuals to prepare healthy meals. It is much easier or even cheaper to eat out Some restauran ts are now serving healthier menus. It is up to individuals to make the choice of how they choose to eat healthy or unhealthy.

A Street Car Names Desire Essay

A Street Car Named Desire deals with a culture clash amid the Old Souths plantation mentality (priding itself on out of true pretenses) and the New Souths relatively uncivilized, yet real, comprehend on realism. The two characters who come to represent this tension are Blanche and Stanley Kowalski. Blanche advertises herself as a champion of Southern Honor. This entails an unfaltering dedication to virtue and culture. These are not, however, operate factors in her life but only mask her alcoholism and delusions of grandeur.By contrast, Stanley is an industrial worker who acts on habit and structure. Tennessee Williams juxtaposes illusion and human beings by depicting the antagonistic relationship between the two by systemati bawly employing symbolism. Blanche is constantly escaping the realities of life by retreating into her own fabrications. Her plummet into a neurotic world begins when her beloved husband make knowns himself to be gay and, soon after, shoots himself. She go into a spiral of affairs after this event in a search to find emotional satisfaction and to reaffirm her womanhood.She ignores the obvious baneful effect of her intimacies because all she essentials is to be happy again to be loved. Blanche physically escapes the reality of her life by leaving Belle Reve and Laurel to go to her sisters home in New Orleans. Here, she misrepresents who she is and enters another relationship where she recreates her identity. When confronted nigh her lies, Blanche explains that she lies because she refuses to accept the hand fate has dealt her I dont want realism. I want magic Yes, yes, magic I try to make believe that to people.I misrepresent things to them. I dont tell truth, I tell what ought to be truth. And if that is sinful, then let me be damned for it (Williams, 34) equivocation to herself and to others allows her to make life appear as she thinks it should be rather than as it is. Her final, deluded happiness (as her sister and Stanl ey commit her to an insane asylum) shows her acceptance that illusion is an seemly reality, but it also shows realitys inevitable triumph. The driving pluck of reality, embodied by Stanley Kowalski, quickly dismantles all the falsities Blanche comes to represent.He is a hard-nosed man firmly grounded in the physical world who disdains fabrications. He finds pith only in the primitive and straightforward Theres something absolute bestial some him He acts like an animal, has animals habits Yes, something ape-like about him (71). An animal would not create an alternate reality for a circumstance but would act according to the real, harshness of life in magnitude to ensure its own survival. Stanleys animal habits can be looked at as an appreciation only for tangible truths. In the end, Stanley succeeds in repudiation all the false images Blanche created about herself.He goes out of his dash to reveal Blanches past and then flaunts it in a crude, insensitive way Take a look at yourself here in a worn-out Mardi Gras outfit, rented for 50 cents from some rag-picker Do you know that Ive been on to you from the start, and not once did you pull the wool over this boys eyes? Ha ha Do you hear me? Ha ha ha (67). Stanley again asserts his bestial tendency, but this time to show his dominance. When he proceeds to physically rape her, he metaphorically strips her of the false reality she created.Williams uses symbolism to show that Blanche is trapped in a life of delusion. The Varsouviana trip the light fantastic and the use of light are reoccurring symbols that elude to her disconnect with reality. The Polka is the euphony that played the night her husband committed suicide. Blanche sound outs that it ends only after she hears the salutary of a gunshot in her head. It plays at various points in the play, symbolise this event that triggered her mental decline. Whenever a situation gets too real, Blanche firmly believes she hears the Varsouviana, panics, and l ooses her grip on reality.Also, throughout the play, Blanche avoids appearing in direct, bright light, especially in front of Mitch And turn that over-light off Turn that off I wint be looked at in this merciless glare(45). It is exonerate she avoids the lights in efforts to conceal the reality of her age and fading beauty. Symbolically, Blanche avoids light in order to prevent Mitch from seeing her for who she is. She, once again, retreats into her own world of illusion. Blanche is never able to be looked at in the light and exposed.She never faces reality. twain Stanley and Blanche have a hard time relating to the other gender without sexual implications. The difference is that Stanley is upfront about this animalistic behavior towards women, while Blanche tries to key fruit herself as above the primitive nature of her sexual impulses. We can call one approach realistic and the other delusional, but it doesnt permute the fact that both characters approach interactions in a s exual way. What does this say about the nature of what is real and what isnt? Williams seems to draw an ambiguous line. This implies that reality and illusions coexist in our lives, and what we choose to label our views and actions is just a social function of perspective.

Dark Matter: a Basic Understanding

turned bailiwick A Basic Understanding Introduction Many people, from the inquisitive, to those involved in the astronomical sciences have questi stard the foundation of Dark content. While it is called many things today, I lead continue to refer to this unseen substance by its original name, Dark social occasion. As it is still a theory being researched today to formalize its existence and make-up, the discovery of temperamental amour was maiden presented to the world rough time ago by two very intelligent astronomers. In coming to understand this payoff, some of the most common questions we find ourselves request are What is it?And, How was it discovered? The most difficult question we all await to face is Does it really exist? While quite tricky, this question is one that each of us have to conclude an answer to on our own. and so to start, I will address the to a greater extent common questions first, and then I will provide my own answer to the question of its ex istence. Dark Matter What is it? When first being introduced to Dark Matter, the first question we find ourselves communicate is what is it? In and out of the scientific community dark matter is unremarkably referred to as the source of extra gravity, or the mysterious form of matter that is unseen. A more refined scientific definition for dark matter is a nonluminous, undetectable, invisible worldly in the universe that makes up more or less 70%-80% of its skunk. In short, dark matter is an unseen form of temporal that contains its own gravity which affects its surrounding materials i. e. gases, prima(predicate), and celestial bodies. With truly dedicated astronomers and cosmologists think on the structure and composition of the beingness, this brings me to explaining how this invisible matter called dark matter was discovered. Dark Matter How Was It Discovered?In 1932 and 1933, astronomers Jan Hendrick Oort and Fritz Zwicky were the first to postulate the sentiment of t he existence of dark matter. In studying the stellar motions of stars within the astronomic plane of the Milky Way galaxy, Astronomer Jan Oort observed that the rotational upper of stars on this outermost part of the galaxy (galactic plane) was actually increasing versus decreasing. This in itself presented a reason to question this stellar movement further since, establish on Newtons law of gravity, the rotational velocity of stars should steady decrease the further they are from the galactic center.Oort continued his observations on stellar motions, while astronomer Fritz Zwicky carried out his studies and observations on galactic clusters and how they remained gravitationally bound. During Zwickys observations, here is where dark matter was discovered on a lots more massive scale. Through Zwickys research, he found that in that location needed to be 10 times as much mass as observed in the form of visible light in order to keep galaxies clustered together. This observation was clear to Zwicky, as it had been to Oort, that in that location was a large sum of mass existing within the cosmos that was simply non-visible. At this point, astronomers simply referred to this material as missing mass. existence that the peculiar stellar movement counters Newtons law of gravity, and occurs in the outermost part of the galaxy known as galaxy doughnuts, both Oort and Zwicky hypothesized that this dark matter must exist in a spherical form that enshrouds the outermost part of galaxies, thus keeping them from ready apart. In arrest how this matter was discovered, this brings me to the final and most important question, and that is find if it really exists.Dark Matter Does It Really Exist? The evidence supporting the existence of dark matter today is very convincing, yet in the scientific community, it is still a theory. Giving a definite answer as to whether it exists is solely up to the individual. Despite this, astronomers are continuing to find more convinci ng information that supports the dark matter theory. For instance, an August 2012 article make in Science News Today, discussed evidence of dark matter filaments (fibers or threads of dark matter) discovered by astronomer Jorg Dietrich and his colleagues.Dietrich and his colleagues x-ray observations of a pair galaxy clusters called Abell 222/223, revealed a ribbon of impatient gas between the clusters. This, along with the galaxies distorted shapes and how light was bent was the first hint of the presence of dark matter. Continued observation of the galaxy clusters revealed a thick cord of invisible matter with a mass like to that of a small galaxy cluster. Dietrich states that gas can account for altogether about 9 percent of that mass, dark matter appears to make up the rest. ConclusionIn understanding that dark matter is an unseen material which contains its own gravity, the theory alone provides a unique way of understanding the structure of our universe. Most importantly, the operate on of astronomers Jan Oort and Fran Zwicky set the gift for astronomers to seek out and understand possible unseen forces at work within our cosmos. This is exactly what astronomer J. Deitrich and his colleagues did. While on that point is a host of significant evidence supporting the theory of dark matter, Deitrich and his colleagues evidence was eye-opening.In concluding if it actually exists, in my thought process its presence is already confirmed. Works Cited Jones, Andrew, and Daniel Robbins. The Universes Dark Matter and Dark Energy, String theory for dummies. Dummies. com. Dummies. biz. 2012. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. NASA. What is Dark Matter? capital letter Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 23 Feb. 2012. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. Powell, Devin. Dark Matter Filament Illuminated. Science News Magazine 11 Aug. 2012 9+. Print. White, Mark. gyration Curves. Berkeley Astronomy Department. University of California at Berkeley. 2011. Web. 15 Nov. 2012.

Forms and Classification of Online Business

Forms and classification of online melodic line According to (Adam, Z. R. ), the major different attributes of e-commerce (B2B) championship-to Business, (B2C) Business-to-Consumer, (B2G) Business-to-Government, (C2C) Consumer-to-Consumer and M-commerce which is mobile commerce. Business-to-business is but e-commerce that is present among two businesses. It is said that it is the fastest growing type of e-commerce, much faster than B2C. It is a type of e-commerce wherein two businesses do with individually other online. About 80% of online businesses atomic number 18 of B2B type. Business-to-consumer is e-commerce between companies and consumers.It is the second largest in developing and numbers among the types of E-commerce. It basically is interactions between consumers whether they transact online or offline or just gather swearation astir(predicate) harvest-festivals that ar being offered by the company. Examples of such companies that are of B2B are Amazon and Costc o. Business-to-government is e-commerce between companies and the public sector. It refers to the social function of the Internet for public procurement, licensing procedures, and other government-related operations Consumer-to-consumer is e-commerce between private individuals with their baby buster consumers.This type of e-commerce is characterized by online markets and online auctions wherein these internet sites serve as a medium for consumers to transact with other consumers. This type of e-commerce is said to have gigantic strength of growth out of all the types of e-commerce. Consumer-to-business is e-commerce that is worryned to reverse auction. It is basically the opposite of selling wherein a company would respond to a consumers need. This type of e-commerce is rarely encountered. However, e-bays describe that on that point is a large number of this type of e-commerce wherein they earn millions of dollars every(prenominal) day.Mobile commerce is e-commerce wherein transactions from businesses to consumers are d unmatchable through tuner networks through the medium of PDAs and portable handheld devices. Business Models used on the Internet According to ( scratch an net profit business- we make it simple), there are numerous ways on fashioning m superstary in the net. There are business models on which they are differentiated on how they execute and return profit. Some of these are retail while slightly use the power of information to sell. Affiliate market the most commonality type of Internet business around.It objective is to market and sell individualelsesproduct. There are various ways to market the note both on and offline. Passive (or niche sites) sites designed to market advert and/or products that require little to no maintenance. These sites can be concentrate on small subjects or some are built to be big multi-subject sites. The main intention here is build, promote and forget. Information Sites this could light up into the category of passive. These sites are built for advertising they target a assign subject and are intended to make m atomic number 53y primarily from advertising. at once set up and promoted, they still require occasional maintenance. Other circumstantial business models are Product creator wherein creating ones product be it a fashion line, shoes, and etc as long as its an original product and not someone elses. Its going away with sort market is that Product creator makes ones products and sells it as well. netmail Marketing or more than commonly called List mental synthesis makes use of Email marketing wherein one has to build relationships with its customers and is particularly effective in make targeted merchandise. It is the most highly rated way of making money in the Internet. run are providing services such as weight loss program, end smoking plan and etc. This provides more consumer interaction and is recommended if one excels in interacting with people. The re are also more specific types of business models and more recognizable which is the Retail and Wholesale which is like an online store version of a store such as SM, Costco or Walmart. The main difference between them is that one is whole sale and the other is not. This requires a higher enthronement compared to other business models since additional cost through shipping products, hire processing, customer service and etc are accumulated.Creating a website for online business According to Poo (2008), in creating ones website for business purposes, the first step is to determine ones goals on what go away one use the site for? Is it for sell or purely marketing website? These are some things that need reflective before designing a website to make it an effective website. By think and finding out the main goals, determining the genre of the website is the next step. This will determine the pros and cons of the website. There are four genres of websites which are the sales or retailing, marketing, information and a web-based application.Poo (2008) describes that retailing or sales website it focuses much on a lot of pictures, sporadic text on product descriptions and these sites are very user friendly and easy to navigate. However, one disadvantage of retail websites is that they are not usually recognized by wait railway locomotives and one way of counteracting that and bringing in traffic is making use of affiliate programs. Marketing websites compared to retailing websites is that it is designed to sell a product and one product only. Marketing website is very easy to design which feature generally text and a few images.What is great about marketing websites is that it is absolutely positioned to make money through advertisements and affiliate programs and they are better optimized for search engines which are a huge advantage in getting traffic into the site. Information website compared to marketing and retailer is that its purpose is mainly to in form the consumers of its products or what is its trying to sell. Although some corporate websites such as Nokia, Honda, Sony, and etc. are information websites that can also sell, they are primarily designed to inform its consumers.Information websites are only recommended for businesses that has a national or planetary presence since local businesses that only has a local presence only gets a few visits on its website while having a business that has a nationwide presence gives off many visits and informs its consumers well on its products. vane based application works like tralatitious programs but the difference is that web based application is accessed through the web unlike traditional programs which are installed beforehand. Its basically computer based application that is hosted in a browser-controlled environment.This type of business venture requires a team of programmers who are creative and persevering. The payoff is very profitable but this type of business is not re commended for the newcomers. Efficiency of Online Business compared to Traditional Business According to (Nielsen, 2008), about over 85% of the worlds online population has used the network to make a purchase which is a staggering 875 million people. terra firma why there is a huge percentage of the online community development internet for purchasing is that the internet is unrivaled for its convenience when it comes to researching and shitping.Consumers nowadays would or else stay at the comfort of their homes shopping than travel and find their desire product which is very tiring compared to single click buying. In Philippine context, about 45% of Filipino online population has purchased through online means. Compared to other countries like South Korea which hails to be the number 1 in frequency of utilise internet for shopping, Philippines is near the bottom list of infrequent use of online shopping.However, for a third world country like Philippines this is a new trig ger that is newly tapped into by consumers and in a few years the hack would be increase in use of online shopping could be discover just like what is observed in the Global population which jumped 40% for only two years. In matters of what people look for in an online shop, check to (Nielsen, 2008). In selecting sites on which to shop, one-third used a search engine or just surfed around to find the best online store. One in four relied on personal recommendations. It is said that once an online shop captures the paddy wagon and loyalty of its consumers about 60% of these consumers would tend to stick to the same shop in buying its products since consumer relationship has been playing a large use of goods and services in making these online businesses successful. Furthermore, recommendations from fellow consumers also play a huge role in making an online site successful. Feedback is one important typeface in closing transactions in online businesses especially businesses on o nline auctions or social networking sites that seem to make 1st time online shoppers reluctant to purchase.victimization Social Networking for Business According to (Brown of Inc. Technology), online social networking sites are new rationality for profiteering through online means. It is said that two out of every three internet user has used or visited a social networking site harmonize to internet research company Compete. These numbers alone show the potential of what social networking has to offer for business opportunities. Among social networking sites, Myspace, multiply, facebook and etc. are the normal ones while there are other networking sites that have been primarily geared towards entrepreneurs such as LinkedIn, Ryze and Spoke.One of the main strengths and factor in making a successful social networking business is to focus on building networks. First is to find the niche and build the appropriate networks that fit the sought after business niche. This is the essenti al step if not the key step in establishing a successful online business through social networking sites. References Adam, Z. R. (2003). E-commerce and e-business. Manila, Philippines United Nations teaching Programme. Brown, D. (2009). Using Social Networking for Business. Retrieved March 14, 2010, from the public Wide Web http//technology. nc. com/internet/articles/200611/interneticebreakers. html Nielsen (2009). Trends in Online Shopping. Retrieved March 14, 2010, from the World Wide Web http//th. nielsen. com/site/documents/GlobalOnlineShoppingReportFeb08. pdf Poo, C. (2007) Build Website Online. Retrieved March 14, 2010, from the World Wide Web http//www. cessypoo. com/build-website-online. html Starting an internet business- we make it simple (2010). Types of Business Models- Step 2. Retrieved March 14, 2010 from the World Wide Web http//biggbucksonline. com/2009/08/25/types-of-internet-business-models/

Act of Kindness

service out with alwaysything around the base and my ill little sidekick is the biggest act of kindness I would presuppose I have done. It is also my responsibility so be informed of the situation my family is in and to try and dish out. My father as a farmer he deceases gigantic hours in the hot sun, that is during summer, and heatless days in the winter. My obtain only works during the summer, as a farmer as well that is, I hunch forward the hardest season scarce its well paid for us mid-class citizens.I know how hard it is to work in the fields, since I have worked with my parents before. Working as a farmer is very hard work, dealing with the sun is not fun, but we every(prenominal)(prenominal) need to find a way to make money and control our home. I everlastingly try to help out with the house chores, and help my parents out a little. Wouldnt you, do the same? Seeing my mother stresses because bills providet be paid, and my father coming from work exhausted, I forever and a day do my best to make them be conferr suitable at home. I have food for my father when he comes from work, I clean do laundry.I try to not cause my mother each more stresses, by severe to be a good daughter that one day shell be proud of. I help out my mother with my younger brother who suffers from mesomorphic dystrophy. He is 15 years old, and now that he is of age(p) his muscles are getting weaker and his ability to walk long distances are only decreasing. I help him sidewalk is a big step, and he is always afraid he will fall so he unavoidably our motivation and I try to be in that location for him. Making him laughter spending time with him it all helps out.Now that he cant actually get out and go to the park he needs connection and Im always there with him, when my parents are just a deal busy. I have had 4 older brothers pass away from muscular dystrophy, Im pretty sure thats a deal out for a mother to go thru. So Im always one step ahead of my mothe r and helping with everything. We all can help out and be kind. Its not so a great deal about being kind, but being humane and taking responsibilities. Helping the homeless by giving them a sub that one day, you capability have saved them from starving.Im just trying to say that any little act of kindness can go a long way and make a big difference. It is not that difficult to responsibility a straightforward thank you, and even it can genuinely qualify the prospect of somebody elses day. My older brother, Arnold, once said to me that, It acquires more agency to glare than to smile. Ive acknowledged that only by behaving respectfully with the citizens around, you are able to genuinely create the more positive ambiance around you. flirt of KindnessreallyThis is a story on an act of kindness I did for this girl I didnt know to well. One day as I was move home from my old school I saw this girl, she seeked like a complete nerd someone I wouldnt normally chide to. She was walki ng home looking really sad, kind of like she had no one to burble to. I walked everyplace to her and introduced myself and she also told me who she was she said her nurture is Abby. She was carrying books in her hands and it looked heavy I asked her if I could help. She nodded and told me I was more then welcome.I walked her home that day. I asked her if she would like to hang out sometime to call me and gave her my number, a few weeks later we were best friends. Months down the roadway she found out she was pregnant, this took me by surprise since I didnt even know she was dating anyone. The guy who got her pregnant walked out and hardly never came around. I could tell by the look on Abbys face that she was pretty scared. I told her no mater what ill always be there for her if she ever needed anything.The hardest part for her was to tell her parents she was pregnant. Her parents are the strick ones, that go to church every sunday and doesnt allow their daughter to have a boyfr iend or anything. So trying to explain to her parents that she had got a boyfriend and had sexual intercorse with him tooshie there backs was going to be a tough situation. She didnt tell anyone for common chord months that she was pregnant,but it got down to where she had to say something since she was starting to show.Abby asked me if i could be there with her when she telled her parents on Thursday I told her i could and that id be there Thursday at four oclock. Thursday came and I went to her house and as soon as she anwsered the door she started freaking out with panic. I told her to calm down everything will be fine and that if she wants me to tell her parents i would. She appreciated it and told me to tell her parents for her. As we started walking closer to her parents I told them that Abby had something she wanted to tell them.Her parents started getting worried and asked what this was about. I then told her parents that she was scared to tell them about hows shes pregnan t. Ive never seen anyones face look so furious in my entire life, They asked me to leave so they could talk as a family. Later that next week Abbys parents called me and asked me to come over for dinner and talk with them about something. I agreed and told them id be there shortly. As I rushed to get dressed all I could think about was what they wanted to talk to me about, I began to get nervous.As I arrived and walked to the door my stomach dropped and then i knocked on the door. Abbys parents answered the door and we sit down to eat. After we got done eating Abbys mom started to tell me how when i met Abby, abby wasnt in the best state of mind. I told them how i already knew and how i talked her out of a bunch of things before and they thanked me. They both thanked me for being such a great friend to Abby, and to this day I help bespeak care of Abbys daughter.

The Hunger Project In Ghana Environmental Sciences Essay

g octogenarian coast is bounteous in natural preferencefulnesss and has one of the unattackableest emerging stinting trunks in Africa. g overage coast is quickly urbanizing. Despite this, some of gold coast s unworthy bouncy in campestral countries without prefatorial run such(prenominal) as health attention and clean H2O, entree to re scholarship loan inst allations, basic instruction. lowly farmers, who be affected most by sylvan meagerness in Ghana, depended on out-of-date agriculture profound instruments and deficiency entree to improved bugs and fertilisers to ontogenesis harvest outputs. Like Caritas in Sierra Leone, The thirstiness put ( THP ) , was founded in 1977, in the aftermath of the lifting argument on universe hungriness triggered by the first Rome serviceman diet Conference.Comp atomic number 18d with Sierra Leone, nongovernmental organizations presence in the disk ope military rank system was as a consequence of the merely concluded war , Ghana on the former(a) manus has non experience war just now to that extent its citizens live below the pauperization line. It should be noted that, the strife agown(prenominal)st sp atomic number 18ness or the schemes utilise by NGOs to contend leanness and their targeted donees varies from NGOs to NGOs, circumstances to part.The ache Project has been tending in Ghana since 1995 and is authorising 250,000 spo practices in 40 epicenter communities to stop their ain hungriness and meagerness. Through its incorpopace fervency to rural ripening, the epicenter Strategy, The hurt Project is working with spo personas to succeederfully entree the basic go infallible to strain the millenary Development Goals ( MDGs ) and lead lives of autonomy.3.5.1- oecumenical ACTIVITIES OF THPSuccess physiques on success is the gaffer focal loony toons of THP in Africa is mobilising hatful at the grassroots degree to be autonomy is a general name of the THP and their chief mar k mathematical groups ar bragging(a) fe males and spring chicken the marginalized in today s society. hurt Project strategies happenk to shape state s capacities, leading and assurance. They developing of liberal females and work forces, fiting them with the accomplishments, methods and cognition needed to take autonomous actions to better their lives and conditions in their communities chip in been the initiate of THP for a decennary period now. The Vision, Commitment and Action Workshop ( VCAW ) ar the first phase spate for rural communities to be autonomous. This has produced good portend donees in THP operational zones.The preparation of society or local asnugglehetic energizers and their militarisation procedure excite be bugger off the flicker stopper for local action. As people take more than signifi do-nothingt action, THP provides accomplishments preparations in literacy, numeracy, nutritionA and local Torahs. The overdress people into self-help groups to derive a stronger voice atomic number 18 behind their success narratives.Analysis OF NGOs ROLE AND APPROACH TO meagerness ALLEVIATION4.0.3- NGOs ROLES HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE/ RELIEF servicing AN APPROACH TO POVERTY ALLEVIATIONIn this stage, the authority played by NGOs during exigencies, like war, and any(prenominal) natural catastrophes, will be assessed and analyzed. Relief service is one of NGOs straightaway intercession countries, in the universe.How incessantly, one should h oldish the realisation that humane help, is introduce during exigencies, and that it is short live. These attend to include the preparation of Non-food head words, like app atomic number 18ls, hard-on of dealtonments as shelter for displaced or returnees, vulnerable, either raciness good as victims, leave office medical installations, proviso of free instruction and skill preparation, proviso of nutritive, every all ready procedure, or with the fight of the donees in most sylvan activiti es, and nutrient acmes, formed the rest service be after.In strength of the definition of human-centered aid or backup man work, below is an analysis, of the alleviation course implemented by ii NGOs in Sub-Saharan Africa. ternary major(ip) sectors which alleviation services ever focuses on are to be discussed below and these include Agriculture, salubriousness and Education.4.2.1 AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ( Case surveies THP and CaritasThe charter highlights the agricultural plan, implemented by Caritas Sierra Leone, in Sierra Leone in the Eastern Region in three Districts.In the 2003-2004 Cropping Season back up by Caritas Germany Donor, The Caritas Germany plan reinforcemented 1110 farm home plates through Caritas Sierra Leone in the Kenema District.So far four major activities have been undertaken to implement agriculture programme. These areBase line SurveyInput Distri neverthe littleion superviseField multiplicationThe program of activities was prepared by the Field exe neckive program and the Agricultural supervisor and presented to the Administrative Officer for blessing. The base line determine was done by the Field Extension Workers ( FEW ) . Besides, the bringing of Extension Service ( which is ongoing ) is macrocosm undertaken by the FEW.The Monitoring exercising is being undertaken by the targeted communities in January/February 2004.4.2.2 BASELINE SURVEYThe Baseline Survey/ call downs registration were done in all the targeted communities in January/ February2004.The husbandmans targeted were chiefly farm sign caputs shacking in either relocated communities of IDP cantonments in the targeted chiefdoms. Certain standards were use 500 to s elite/register the husbandmans including the fareersThat merely the Farm Family get by is listed downThat precedence is accustomed to the most vulnerable, such as those who are husbandmans but have no entree to basic production inputs such as seeds/planting stuffs and tools.That the Farm Fam ily Head has a minimal house gain labour force to cultivate at least two estates of dirt.That the Farm Family Heads have entree to free piece of land to cultivate in the vicinity.Precedence was besides effrontery to adult females and widow Headed Farm Families.The donees in Nongowa and Dama Chiefdom in the Kenema District were registered and served in the internally displaced locations i.e. in relocated village/town communities.A started Farm Family instance consignment of 200 was allocated for all relocated communities and snow farm household from each(prenominal) cantonment in every mark Chiefdom.However, the figure of communities per Chiefdom was hot wangleed. a couple of(prenominal) communities were selected from Chiefdoms with big towns/villages e.g. Nongowa, and more from little Chiefdoms with smaller towns/ small towns e.g. Dodo.5.2.3 INPUT DISTRIBUTIONTHE Caritas programme provided sundry(a) types of Agriculture inputs for the 1100 targeted farm households. These we re seed sieve, tools and seting stuffs ( sweet murphy vine and mandioc con bestowe editings )The day of the month of the input distribution started in the thirteenth June 2001 and ended on the 29th July 2001.an analysis of the input distribution is given in the tabular array below.4.2.4 Monitoring AND ExtensionThe monitoring exercising started since thirtieth July2001. The targeted communities ( including displaced cantonments ) the Nongowa, Dodo and Small Bo Chiefdoms are being visited.The motivation fundamentally is to keep outHow far the FEW were able to successfully present the inputs to the donees.The effect of extended services being delivered to the husbandmans.How far the donees have been able to flop grip and use the inputs stock services render them by FEW. sightly histories can now be given to the succeeding(prenominal) activities.Timely conductivity of Base line study.Successful bringing and distribution of all inputs provided for the donees.The husbandman s accep ted and descri undersurface the inputs as good.Cultivation of the seeds and seting stuffs provided for the husbandmans now in advancement. Transplant of seeds sieve had been completed in most of the farms. The cassava film editings and murphy vines had besides been planted. All three ( 3 ) harvests were shooting good.4.2.5 cut down PRODUCTIONThe harvests cultivated by the targeted donees included highland and IVS rice, maize, manioc, and miscellaneous veggies. Entire land area cultivated for each of the harvest by farm households and by all the donees combined is shown belowThe undertaking end product was apply in several ways by the husbandmans. The tog from the seed rice was employ for place ingestion, refund of seed loans, proviso of seed nervous strain for subsequent planting season and gross revenues. The harvest signifier manioc, maize, and veggies were used for gross revenues, place ingestion and seed seting stock.The sale of some of the crop allowed the husbandmans obt ained silver to run into former(a) family demands to better on their societal economic position.The grain shops are soon being used for hive awaying agricultural inputs and seeds. In 2004/05, some constituent was formed under the agricultural sector. For this constituent, 25 Liberian refugees farm households were identified and registered. Shown in the tabular array below, the demographic profile of the donees ( household caputs ) .4.2.6 SEED LOAN RECOVERYFarmers were supplying with seed rice on the status that after harvest the same bar that was received will be paid. An estimation of 95 % of seed burden convalescence was wind. The seed tonss were collected in all communities covered. The loans collected were deposited into seed hope completed in the several communities. These loans allow communities have stock of seeds from which seed loans could be obtained by interested club members for future planting season. go steady full detailed analysis on the seed loan below.THP, on its region, has similar agribusiness programmes, organized for community engagement.Increasing Food pledgeMalawi is a state that is prone to natural catastrophes, enduring from both(prenominal) extreme drouths to heavy rain falls. As a consequence, the nutrient supply state of affairs in Malawi remains rickety.To this terminal, The Hunger Project-Ghana empowers and births husbandmans with preparations and stuffs to increase and diversify their nutrient production. In these catastrophe prone countries, a cardinal component of the Epicenter Strategy is the community nutrient Bankss. The Hunger Project-Malawi has besides inaugurated a system of land irrigation to increase and diversity nutrient production.The Hunger Project-Ghana in 2005 sceptered and back up husbandmans with preparations and stuffs to increase and diversify their nutrient production. While Benin does non endure from major drouths or inundations, there is however a great deficit of nutrient.Food Bankss at the epicentre, small town and family degrees help communities remain nutrient take prisoner in instance of a deficit. The Hunger Project-Ghana late launched a pilot undertaking, The Food Production Contest, which has successfully catalyzed spouses committedness to the terminal of hungriness in poorness by increasing stocks in community nutrient Bankss.4.2.7 educational SECTOR( a ) -Skills TrainingThis sub-project was initiated with the conclude of authorising Refugee Youths amid 17-35 old ages to go an positivistic to their communities and doing pregnant parts to the development of their several communities whether they return. Trainees were identified among the Liberian Refugees creation in coaction with the Liberian Executive and developing garb was rented at No. 18 Sesay Street, Sierra Leone, where the undermentioned accomplishments options were conducted Tailoring, Gara Tie Dyeing, Soap production, whisker Dressing, Carpentry and Small Engine care. Quality preparation stuff s were produced and made accessible to the Centre for the different accomplishments through the Liberian Executive.Educational OfficerIn coaction with the Liberian Executives, Caritas Sierra Leone pointed Educational Officer registered 820 Liberian Refugee pupils for congest in 2004/05 academic twelvemonth. 481 of these were back up in the primary schools out of which 245 were male childs and 236 were misss. 339 secondary school pupils were back up out of which 231 were male childs and 108 misss.As seen in the tabular array, above 63 % of the primary school pupils supported are between the ages 6-11yrs while 37 % are above 12 old ages. Of the 302 pupils under 12 old ages, 153 ( 51 % ) are boys and 149 ( 49 % ) are girls. Of the 179 pupils over 11 old ages, 90 ( 50 % ) are boys and 89 ( 50 % ) are misss.An estimation of 58 % of the secondary school pupils supported is between the ages 12-17 old ages and 42 % are above 17 old ages. Below is the distribution of the pupils harmonizi ng to age and classAmong the 339 refugee pupils supported and between 12-17 old ages, 126 ( 63 % ) are boys and 40 ( 28 % ) are misss.A sum of 110 refugee ( grownups ) registered for the Adult Literacy Program ( 52 males and 58 females ) and were all distributed to the motley degree of the plan harmonizing to their output/progress.Out of this sum ( 110 ) , 70 ( 64 % ) are between 15-24 old ages and 40 ( 36 % ) are 25+ old ages. The library continued to supply utile services to refugee school kids, largely those in secondary who could non buy the prescribed meter reading stuffs in their schools. A sum of 1,829 pupils visited the library during the twelvemonth.Similarly, THP Ghana has of all fourth dimension since embarked on Promoting Education in Ghana s eastern part. This portion of the state history for the highest degree of illiteracy.Adult and child literacy plans conducted in local and national linguistic communications are being carried out in more than 30 literacy centres in The Hunger Project-Ghana s eastern part plan countries. The local regime continues to back up The Hunger Project-Ghana with instructors and stuffs.In an attempt to guarantee that girl kids stay in school, The Hunger Project-Ghana implemented a M otherwise s Club which sensitizes adult females to the benefits of directing misss to school. The plan has seen noteworthy consequences such as a decrease in local kid trafficking every bit good as an addition in literacy rates.4.2.8 HEALTH SECTORPRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES- HIV/ help PREVENTION 2002-2008The Caritas Sierra Leone Health undertook the Primary Health Care programme, uses the undermentioned attacks in the HIV/ aid bar Education StrategySponsoring fleeceable instrumentalists to compose vocals turn toing HIV/ back up prevention/ attention and injury Working through adult females s groups such as Hunbgtateh Women s Association in Kenema Town which conduct preparation in assorted accomplishment aiming dropouts, commercial se x workers, miss female parent, and female supported family Preventing HIV/AIDS bar through Audio-Visual shows, talk and blend gambling to establishments TBA s, female parents an clinics yearss, young persons and grownup in the communities etc andUsing the platform of World Aids Day for HIV/AIDS sensitisation activities.4.2.9 CLINIC ACTIVITIESA blameless figure of 172,145 Liberian refugees patient received discussion between frame 2001 and May 2003 at Caritas supported clinics in the Kenema District. The reported clinical death rate rate was 0.14 % that is, 155 under five and 123 grownups. Malaria leads with 30 % of Acute respiratory Infection ( ARI ) and pneumonia, 10 % of adult females infestation, 80 % skin infection, 17 % diarrhoae and dysentery, 6 % anaemia, and 5 % of Sexually Transmitted Infection ( STI ) .Maternal and Child Health Aids assigned by the Ministry of Health and Sanitation to the 30 clinics builded and supported by Caritas in the Kenema District doed in 2 ,683 bringings 22 were maternalistic deceases and five 100s and 20 unnatural bringing were reported from the clinics.The Traditional take Attendants ( TBAs ) reported 2,476 normal were trained in the Kenema District and given tocology supplied by UNICEF.In Ghana eastern part, similar wellness plants are done by THP. THP in Ghana, through the creative activity of the Epicenters in the part, these wellness centres provide primary wellness attention and immunisations. They besides find out work forces and adult females how to better their wellness and hygiene.The Hunger Project-Ghana in 2003 has pioneered a household Planning and Nutritional Monitoring Community Dialogue Project in an attempt to continue the wellness of both adult females and kids in the community. When abides are spread out, kids are constantly healthier and adult females have more clip and energy to put in their income-generating activities.In Ghana eastern part, where there is a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS and malaria, and in 2004, 3,000 anti-malaria bed cyberspaces were distributed among 3,000 community people. The Hunger Project-Ghana, conducts preparation of traditional birth attenders, as in the instance of Caritas Sierra Leone, mobilizes energizers to supply bed-nets and implements HIV/AIDS voluntary guidance and proving plans in epicentre communities. More than 215,000 people have participated in THP-Ghana s HIV/AIDS and Gender Inequality Workshop. 1 In the battle against malaria, Hunger Project energizers are enrolled as community drug distributers who are trained by the authorities and given malaria drugs to administer. diminutive records are kept of which spouses have received cyberspaces and accessed malaria intervention drugs.WATER AND sanitization PROJECTThirty new Wellss were constructed at assorted clinics location in the Kenema District. A sum of 26 old Wellss were rehabilitated profiting an norm of three 100 people per good.In add-on, four new gravitation H2O systems were complemented two at the Dodo and Nongowa Chiefdoms in the Kenema District.As mentioned in above, NGOs courses are assorted in nature. In this subdivision of the work, the issue of microfinance is capable of treatment every bit THP as in the instance of Caritas will be use as a instance survey to show the functions of NGOs as associate to microfinance.Part TWO4.3.0. NGOs Function MICROFINANCE AN APPROACH TO POVERTY ALLEVIATIONIs it clear that rendering human-centered aid to the hapless is a good thing, but non warrant, as these alleviation services are offer merely during exigency period, for illustration if there is war, drouth, genteel agitation, and when natural catastrophe occurred in a given vicinity. It has its ain advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, if NGOs purpose is to relieve poorness in Sub-Saharan Africa, they should airt their development function curiously in states where no war has taken topographic point like Ghana. Redirecting their dockets can besides ass ist in refocusing people s head from doing problems and do them concentrate.This of class, could merely be achieved if people specially marginalized young persons and adult females, the voiceless are to the full engaged in plants that are profitable and could do them autonomy. An idle encephalon they say is a Satan s workshop . As antecedently explained, in consecrate to relieve poorness, The Hunger Project has used microfinance like many other NGOs, as an attack and chemical mechanism to assist contend poorness in Ghana other sub- Saharan African states do besides hold microfinance operation.Microfinance plans have been embraced a some the universe as an of import scheme for poorness relief. Surveies have demonstrated that the poorness relief impacts of microfinance services include reservation the hapless, raising their economic wellbeing every bit good as authorising them, particularly adult females ( Ashe, 2000 Todd, 2000 Fisher, 2002 Khandker, 2002 Robinson, 2002 Sim anowitz, 2002 Snodgrass, 2002 ) . Over the last decennary the microfinance field has grow well both in footings of figure of establishments and the size of establishments. Microfinance is an effectual tool that is been used by NGOs to cut down poorness in the rural hapless.Microfinance is the proviso of monetary services to the hapless who do non hold entree to capital and fiscal services Kosiura, K 2001. A more minute definition describes microfinance as the proviso of appropriate fiscal services to big Numberss of low-income, economically active people with an terminal aim to relieve poorness ( Ledger wood, 1998 ) . Fiscal services can include one or any combination of the undermentioned loaning, nest bombard, insurance, pension/retirement and defrayment services.Increasingly mature MFIs besides provide diverse products-housing loans ( chiefly betterments, fix and care ) , insurance ( both wellness and life insurance ) , and esoteric pensions. Microfinance is besides often combined with the proviso of societal and concern development services, such as literacy preparation, instruction on wellness issues, direction or accounting preparation.The function of microfinance for development attempts in black Africa, peculiarly for poorness relief has been important. Supplying hapless people with entree to fiscal services are seen to cut down capital market deformations to except the hapless, cut down ikon by supplying the hapless with fiscal choices when needed, and chances for income-generating activities.In Sierra Leone, for case, the Agricultural Bank established by the authorities to be crediting husbandmans and pay in subsequent harvest home season was shut during the war and since after that the authorities has non being reestablished and husbandmans to day of the month are constrained with the issue of moneyMicrofinance enables clients to protect, diversify and increase their income, every bit good as to roll up assets, cut downing their exposure to income and ingestion dazes ( Robison, 2002 ) . The solidarity group loaning methodological analysiss common in microfinance, aid increase the assurance of the hapless ( particularly adult females ) , authorising them to more in effect confront inequalities ( Ashe, 2000 Todd, 2000 Fisher, 2002, Khandker, 2002 Robinson, 2002 Simanowitz, 2002 Snodgrass, 2002 ) . The handiness of fiscal services has proven to be a critical factor in cut downing poorness and its effects, unveil positive consequences on nutrition, instruction, wellness, gender equity, agribusiness and the environment ( Littlefield, 2003 ) .MFIs include all types of entities that provide microfinance services. MFIs scope from non-governmental organisations ( NGOs ) to regulated fiscal establishments such as non-bank fiscal establishments, commercial Bankss, recognition brotherhoods and province Bankss ( Christen & A Drake, 2001 ) . They are by and large guided and defined by two viing paradigms fiscal self-sustai nability and poorness relief. 2 The poorness relief attack ( besides referred to the welfare-statist attack ) claims that the overall ends of micro-finance should be poverty decrease and authorization. Such MFIs are rather expressed in their focal point on instantly bettering the well being of participants. Harmonizing to Woller ( 2000 ) , their nonsubjective tends to be self-employment of the poorer among the economically active hapless, particularly adult females, whose control of modest additions in income and nest eggs is assumed to buy the farm them to better the conditions of life for themselves and their kids. Within this paradigm, there are a group of feminist authorization writers that emphasize adult females s economic, societal and semipolitical authorization. While microfinance is seen by these writers as an of import manner to react to the contiguous practical demands of hapless informal sector adult females workers, it is seen as lonely(prenominal) portion of a sc heme for wider societal and political authorization of adult females which, in bend, is seen as indispensable to sustained additions in income ( Mayoux, 1998 ) .In the point of view of THP, edifice and strengthening of the adult females s administration and other marginalized people who formed Self-Help Groups are the footing of microfinance development. Through these community groups, the hapless cultivates their spirit of common cooperation and construct corporate actions. In relation to this attack, community facilitators and energizers as in the instance of THP, encourage people to set up themselves. THP put the constitution of CGs as a first and chief measure in the attempts to assist the hapless to be autonomous and battle against poorness.When these CGs are established, THP provides human resource preparation for the members of the group particularly on how to make nest eggs and recognition activities. It is a measure to be bridle-pathed by all the members before they learn how to make concern activities. In other words, THP develops nest eggs and recognition activity as a footing for focaliseing micro concern, and to make micro concern. To accomplish this end, THP has established epicentres to ease their micro finance programme. In analysis, THP s microfinance programme in Ghana eastern part is analyzed as follow between the old ages 2000-2006.Within 2000-2002, The Hunger Project has distributed USD $ 1,279,841 in loans to a sum of 3,917 spouses in their epicentre communities. The current cumulative refund rate bases at 87.23 per centum.In 2003-2004, The Hunger Project has distributed US $ 405,785 in microloans to 14,785 spouses, with an rigorous loan size of $ 68. There are three government-recognized rural Bankss that are runing in three autonomous epicentre communities.Through its microfinance plan, in 2005, The Hunger Project has distributed US $ 688,134 in microloans to 7,695 spouses. 3 The twelvemonth 2006, was THP s great fiscal expense. Th e Hunger Project has distributed USD $ 1,279,841 in loans to a sum of 3,917 spouses in their epicentre communities. The current cumulative refund rate bases at 87.23 per centum. crap the above, it is a clear grounds demoing how THP s microfinance programme is an effectual agencies of relieving poorness, as there micro finance has capacitated the local communities to transport out their agriculture activities and make some nest eggs which subsequently would be of exercise for small-scale concerns.The intent of microfinance is to authorise the marginalized in community, to do small nest eggs and besides to give the money given by givers to set about some little graduated table concern, and for those who are husbandmans to utilize in purchasing fertilisers, seeds, and in future be self-reliance.As human-centered services seem to be a short term end, and caters for a rattling few, microfinance on the other manus, screens broad scope of donees, as the money given are tell to groups a nd administrations, instead than single households, profiting at the disbursement of others.In modern-day times today, human-centered aid, and microfinance, neer seems to be plenty, as they people involved in the procedure, and donees are clump of nonreaders, and they few elect benefit most at the cost of others. The issue of Microfinance has been questioned this is because, microfinance, trades with banking and nest eggs procedure, therefore, if people ca nt read nor compose, the procedure can easy be fraud, as issues associating to certification is entirely in the custodies of the elite. Accountability and lucidity has ever been the job with money. African leaders are notably known for corruptness, imbed and many other illegal activities, so whenever one talk of money, uncertainties are ever created in the heads of people.In a command to turn to this reproving judgment, NGOs have besides embark on another development function which is faculty Building. The inquiry frequently asked by funding givers, is the capacity, and degrees of the alteration agents ( NGOs ) . some(prenominal) argue that NGOs are rawness, incompetent and incapable of covering with such honorable countries, and besides lack the expertness to manage pecuniary issues ( Henrietta, 2007 ) . If this is no bias, so NGOs should seek so difficult to better on their proficient know-how if their ends are to be achieved.To turn to this issue of capableness, most NGOs have redirected their development schemes from alleviation services and microfinance to capacity-building and empowerment programmes. Many opined that if more pririority is put on this expression of NGOs functions, so it will still the f proper(ip)s of givers.In the short coming chapter, the issue of capacity- edifice and authorization would be another sylvan of analysis to see it outcome and effectiveness in our society.4.3.1 NGOs Functions CAPACITY BUILDING AN APPROACH TO POVERTY ALLEVIATION talent -Building, as a term has l ate rule NGOs vocabulary. Teach me how to angle, instead than, given me fish every twenty-four hours . This maxim can outdo depict what capacity edifice is all approximately. In modern-day times, divergent positions are held about the construct. Scholars are working round the clock to convey up a simple and precise definition, but till so no 1 definition is given. Some NGOs work to construct up local administrations, so that they can make more to back up local people themselves. This procedure is known as capacity edifice . For case, it might include assisting little community groups come together and supply support to their members, or assisting national NGOs or authorities establishments to work better and turn. If the procedure works good, capacity edifice can assist local administrations deliver relevant services on a sustainable footing to local people ( including lobbying and helping authorization ) .Capacity Building is a procedure through which NGOs strengthen the loca l communities, obliging society administrations, authorities establishments, and other privy establishments . Although Lewis ( 2001, p. 69 ) argues that the NGO is an implementer and can be engaged in supplying services to its clients through its ain programmes, we argue, on the contrary, that NGOs, should non implement its ain plans, but instead should assist communities achieve their ain sustainable plans economic, political and societal countries. As Fowler ( 1997, p. 13 ) underscores, facilitation is a critical facet of engagement procedure that Southern NGOs need to see and pattern.In a more definite term, Capacity-building is an enterprise that focuses on the proviso of proficient support, for both NGOs for those situated in the LDCs, to assist their mark donees, and for those established in developed universe, know as northern NGOs ( NNGOs ) , therefore change them to transport out their preferable ends of project-related services and protagonism . Smillie ( 1999, p. 75 ) provides a meaty illustration. The Canadian Partnership Branch has articulated several aims. Among them is capacity edifice in developing states to beef up the capacity of southern organisations and establishments to do a important and sustainable development impact among the deprived communities through forming preparation programmes ( see besides Duhu 2005, p. 44 Tapeline 2000, p. 40 ) . Capacity Building is much more than preparation and includes the followersHuman resource development, the procedure of fiting persons with the apprehension, accomplishments and entree to information, cognition and preparation that enables them to execute efficaciously. Organizational development, the expansion of direction constructions, procedures and processs, non merely within organisations but besides the direction of relationships between the different organisations and sectors ( public, private and community ) . Institutional and legal model development, doing legal and regulat ive alterations to enable organisations, establishments and bureaus at all degrees, and at all sectors to heighten their capacities.Local authorities, communities and NGOs are the chief clients, but cardinal authorities and the private commercial sector besides need support. Community groups, frequently with strong NGO support, need to better their capacity to be after, form and appeal off their vicinities. Departments of local authorities play an progressively of import function in enabling community groups to heighten their capacities and effectivity.There are really direct deductions for agricultural instruction in the country of human resource capacity edifice since by definition the term ( and the procedure ) has instruction, both formal and non-formal, at its nucleus.In its broadest reading, capacity edifice encompasses human resource development ( HRD ) as an indispensable portion of development. It is based on the construct that instruction and preparation prevarication at the bosom of development attempts and that without HRD most development intercessions will be uneffective.It focuses on a series of actions directed at assisting participants in the development procedure to increase their cognition, accomplishments and apprehensions and to develop the attitudes needed to convey about the coveted developmental alteration.Another indispensable mechanism for capacity edifice is coalition development. Partnerships give a local NGO entree to cognition and accomplishments advanced and proved methodological analysiss networking and funding chances replicable metaphysical accounts for turn toing community demands and managing resources options for organisational direction and administration and schemes for protagonism, authorities dealingss and public outreach.The Hunger Project -Ghana is one clear illustration of NGOs partnership. The Hunger Project-Uganda has been successful at making long-run partnerships with a figure of organisations.A partnersh ip with Catholic Relief Services ( CRS ) in Kiboga Epicenter, in 2002, builds the capacity of rural spouses to fix and react to a figure of diseases impacting their chief harvest manioc. Diseases have devastated crops and go on to endanger the nutrient security and incomes of cassava-dependent households. This four-year partnership with CRS will assist spouses to protect their crops and increase their outputs and family incomes.The Hunger Project-Ghana partnered with AFFORDS in Uganda and received 3,000 treated anti-malarial bed cyberspaces for spouses in Mpigi Epicenter. In the battle against malaria, Hunger Project energizers are enrolled as community drug distributers who are trained by the authorities and given malaria drugs to administer. By the terminal of 2002-2007 over 7,000 people received free malaria intervention in Ghana eastern part.The ideal of human development and partnership are non the lone ground for NGOs capacity edifice, but instead support has its ain instance to reason. The former can be carried out successfully, but in concurrence with support which is even the more ground for partnership. When people partnered, is either for fiscal, moral, proficient and other supports.Through NGOs local partnership, environmental sustainability could be achieved. Environmental sustainability is a basis of plan execution in The Hunger Project-Ghana epicentre communities. Many Hunger Project spouses in Ghana work energy ranges, which cut down firewood ingestion by an norm of 60 per centum. Womans have replaced their cookery fire or three-stone ranges with more efficient carcass ranges which burn less wood. In this manner, adult females do non hold to pass as much clip roll uping firewood. Efficient ranges mean less work for adult females.Capacity edifice, as a construct entails tonss of strengths, Northern NGOs may utilize their resources to beef up the capacity of Southern NGOs on many foreparts, as Duhu ( 2005, p.44 ) notes plan support, institutio nal support, proficient support, partnerships and alliances. Skills in the country of strategic planning, and human development, for illustration, can non be overemphasized. Sadly, Lewis ( 2001, p. 158 ) argues that in many aid-dependent contexts it is common for partnerships affecting NGOs to hold inactive character, frequently because the thought of partnership is oblige in some manner. Capacity edifice is an terminal to itself, instead than a agencies to any other terminal , in this context justifies that any support given to 3rd universe NGOs by northern NGOs, is a right to itself. Northern NGOs like United Nations, World Health Organisation, and any other UN related Agencies, given developing programmes like, study authorship, accounting monitoring and rating and undertaking proposal/design and direction, to Sothern NGOs are illustrations of NGOs justifiable ends.However, it should be noted that effectual capacity edifice besides takes clip and depends on honorific duol ogue with the staff and stakeholders of the administration that is constructing itself up.From the above analyses, one could reason that NGOs are non merely ordinary societier members, but more positive histrions in the battle against poorness as demonstrated in the above analyses, and the accomplishment of the Millennium Development Goals by 2015 as prioritized by United Nations and the universe at big.The three countries of concern used as a focal point for poorness relief by NGOs, proved beyond uncertainties the effectivity and splendour of NGOs in our society. Hence a research of such nature, is deserving educating.

Midwest Office Products

Questions for Midwest Office Products 1. Based on the interviews and data in the case, estimate a. The bell of processing cartonfuls through the facility 80000 total cartons warehouse expenses = $2000000 Warehouse personnel expenses = $2570000-$250000 ( truck driver expenses) = $2320000 Total warehouse processing expenses $2000000 + $2320000 = $4,320,000 $4320000/80000= $54/carton b. The comprise of entering electronic and manual customer posts manual . 15 hours setup time, . 075 hours to enter each line electronic . 1 hours to verify information on the electronic influence 16 order entree operators 840000 in total pay Each order entry operator worked 1750 hours per year but only 1500 hours per year of productivity 840000/16 = $52500 avg salary per operator $52500/1500hrs = $35 per hour Electronic orders . 1hrs *$35/hr = $3. 5/electronic order manual Orders . 15*$35 +. 075*$35*number of lines= cost per order Input cost=. 15*35 = 5. 25 Cost per line = . 075*35 = 2. 63 c. Th e cost of exaltation cartons on commercial carriers 75000 cartons shipped $450000 spent on freight $450000/75000 cartons = $6 per carton d. The cost per hour for backdrop deliveries vg delivery time=3 hours 5000 cartons shipped 2000 deliveries2. 5 cartons each delivery $250000 total compensation per year $200000 for delivery truck expenses Each driver worked 1500 hours per year $166. 67/hr Driver compensation $250000/2000 = $125 per delivery Truck expenses $200000/2000 = $100 per delivery Total cost for desktop deliveries $225/3 hrs = $75/hr 2. Using this cost driver information, calculate the cost and profitability of the five orders in Exhibit 2. comparison these be and profitability to those calculated by Midwests quick costing system?Exhibit 2 Five Orders Order 1 2 3 4 5 Price $ 610 $ 634 $ 6,100 $ 6,340 $ 6,100 Acquisition cost 500 500 5000 5000 5000 No. cartons in order 1 1 10 10 10 No. cartons shipped 1 0 10 0 10 Desktop delivery time - 4 - 4 - Manual order no yes no yes yes No. line items in order 1 1 10 10 10 Electronic order yes no yes no no Payment period (months) 1 4 1 4 4 Warehousing be 54 54 540 540 540 Shipping costs 6 0 60 0 60 Desktop Delivery cost 300 300 Manual Order cost 7. 875 31. 5 31. 5 Electronic order cost 3. 5 3. 5 Payment period cost $ 6. 10 $ 25. 36 $ 61. 00 $ 253. 60 $ 244. 00 Total Costs 569. 6 887. 235 5664. 5 6125. 1 5875. 5 Profits $ 40 $ (253) $ 436 $ 215 $ 225 Current system profits $ 110 $ 134 $ 1,100 $ 1,340 $ 1,100 3. condone the difference in profitability of the five orders calculated by the alphabet system and the political partys existing cost system. In the orders existing system, they markup the acquisition costs by a authoritative percentage to determine the price that they charge their customers. Using this method, all of the gross sales appear profitable because only the acquisition cost is directly considered in determining their pricing.However, several other activities drive higher costs for the follow and a standard percentage markup does not always capture that cost. In some instances, they could even lose money by making the sale. By using the ABC system, the company can have a more(prenominal) realistic view on how much each order costs them by considering the activities which go into the process (the number of cartons, shipping costs, delivery costs, and order processing costs) and charge for these services accordingly. 4.Based on your analysis above, what actions should flush toilet Malone take to improve Midwests profitability? John should interchange to an ABC system as it provides the proper visibility and clarity into the companys costs. They can then markup the products based on the total costs instead of applying a standard percentage, which does not properly assess the veridical cost to the company, to the acquisition cost. This ability to price based on their actual costs would eliminate some potentially unprofitable transactions (like the desktop delivery where the items price did not cover the costs) .

Learning Plan Essay

The take uping see described in this paper is to urinate pupils make do a issuing related to the civilian War. The debate topic is Was the Emancipation Proclamation enacted for incorrupt reasons or political reasons? The main concept of this learning device is to mother scholars work cooperatively to enquiry facts, and rec completely and use facts from the well-bred War unit of measurement to incorporate into their arguments. (It should be noted that the learning plan described in this paper allow for in muster tax return several classes to complete, however the learning plan procedures leave al matchless save address the class where the debate ordain occur.) It is mis grown that debate acquisitions were taught in a previous class.The learning theory sure as shooting incorporates constructivist aspects. They be constructing fellowship rather than absorbing it. This is constructivist approach is illustrated through the collaborative temper of the appellative , as soundly as through the seek that pupils must(prenominal)(prenominal) produce. In terms of the use of technology and media the students bequeath be in blanded to look into one source of learning, from the earnings, related to their argument. They must submit a one-page depth psychology of the information in which they found along with a references page. This must be submitted to the instructor a week out breast the scheduled debate.The instructor provide prize the content of the paper, but the references page get out in addition be important. instructor must evaluate the kinds of internet sources that the students nourish utilize. The credibility of the internet source, and the chroma of students look allow be examine by the t for each oneer. The purpose is to assess students traditional literacy and comminuted analytical adroitnesss (assessed when evaluating the content), and information literacy/interpretation skills of online framework (assessed b y reviewing the reference page). Finally, the teacher allow hand back papers to the students, and he/she pull up stakes instruct each assemblage to use at least(prenominal) devil of their group outgrowths papers into their groups arguments. Media and technology volition likewise be incorporated with the use of social media. The teacher allow tell students that their debates testament be recorded and submitted to youtube or a private school website (if issues of covert ar raised). Others ordain be allowed to view the video to evaluate the strength of each aggroups arguments. Based on the comments of public viewers, a winner provide be chosen (by popular suffrage). This popular vote volition be incorporated as a small serving into the judgment. This is being do as to allow students toparticipate in tender media opportunities in spite of appearance an educational context. Learning be after ContextSettingThe high inquires school go away be a High schooltime in the Bay Area, either in San Francisco or Oakland. at that place depart be 25-30 students in an individual classroom.The lesson will take place the week after the Civil War unit is finished. It is anticipated that the unit will last about two weeks, therefore the debate class will occur during the third week. The actual debate class will take up one class period. The content area is US memoir/Politics. The grade level is Juniors (11th grade). In sum, the curriculum unit is 11th grade, US account statement/Politics, Civil War unit. StandardsAccording to atomic number 20 banners for literacy in History/Social Studies in 6-12th grades. A student must be fitted to demonstrate abbreviation of primary and secondary sources, and connect these insights to the understanding of the in all text. This cogency will be turn to and assessed when students must incorporate information learned from the school text with information gained from the internet, and use both sources of informati on, into their debate. The students ability to undertake this task will be evaluated by the teacher with the submission of students sources, and also during the debate. (http//www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/ss/documents/finalelaccssstandards.pdf.) Also concord to California standards, students must be able to evaluate various scores for events and actions.This standard is illustrated in the nature of the activity. A debate, in itself, evaluates different explanations for one event, which makes it an beau ideal means of addressing this standard (http//www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/ss/documents/finalelaccssstandards.pdf.)Finally, according to California standards, students must be able to evaluate differing points of view on the same historical issue. at once again, this standard is illustrated in spite of appearance the nature of a debate. It is also illustrated when students submit their ingest analysis of internet seek (http//www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/ss/documents/finalelaccssstandards.pdf.)Learnin g ObjectiveStudents will be able to collaboratively demonstrate their knowledge of Civil War policy, events and information, from the textbook and from online sources, by formulating arguments to be presented within a debate. Learning Theory ApplicationsConstructivism is surely at play in this lesson planThe activity allows knowledge to be organized into schemas, concepts, and worldviews. This activity is emphasizing the use of au accordinglytic activities by constructing knowledge through interaction with the environments (internet and peers), and applying it to real-life situations (debate). The collaborative component certainly illustrates constuctivism students will succor each other create conceptual tie-ups. Finally, students are working autonomously with the suffice of the teacher as facilitator, supporter, and model (Ormrod, 2006). Learning AccommodationsIndividualized Education Plan for Special Accomodations In each police squad, all students will be depute a role. For example, speaker, writer, time- watcher. A students IEP will be taken into con positionration when assigning roles. A student with an IEP, will be assigned a role that best fits their IEP. For example, a student with ADD, whitethorn be best suited to be a time-keeper since their financial aid span is not as focused. They may be anxious to veer the pace of the groups discussions, and therefore they may be yearning to keep track of the time. Language Development films When assigning the internet-based research the teacher will give ELL students a website to pilot to, instead of having the students navigate the internet themselves. Teacher will give explicit instructions as to where to look on the website so students do not feel too overwhelmed with the English language. Teacher will ask the students to try to comprehend many of the information, however if this proves too difficult, then the teacher will ask the students to invite 15-20 nomenclature from the website that t he student did not understand. The student will then experience the meanings of these words in their own language. They must write at least a paragraph about the Civil War unit incorporating 5 of the words that they found on the internet.Also,at least two of these words must be incorporated into the arguments of their police squad. Gifted and Talented needs This is a challenging component to consider because a gifted/talented student does not inescapably mean an academic-rigorous student. To really tailor the lesson to address the interests of a gifted/talented student, then the teacher will have to be familiar with the personality of that grumpy student. However, some situations will be addressed here. First of all, from the research, the lesson itself befits that of a gifted/talented student. Competition, which characterizes a debate, usually suits the nature of gifted/talented students. (http//www.teachersfirst.com/gifted_strategies.cfm) The first situation to consider is a student who is gifted/talented, but not academically rigorous. This student will be accustomed a leadership role within his/her team. He/she may be assigned to organize/manage all the ideas of the students. He/she is the one who will be disposed the title of respect for what the teacher is assessing when observing the teams discussions and arguments.He/she is the manager, and he/she will be assessed on their ability to keep his/her team on task. In this way, this student isnt necessarily doing more academic work, but he/she is being challenged in a rather difficult manner. A second situation to consider is to have a gifted/talented student who is academically rigorous. The teacher will give this student a second component to add to his/her research paper. The student must connect textbook material and internet material to the US politics of today. This is increasing the cognitive process from analyze (which all students must do with their research papers) to evaluate (Anderson an d Krathwol, 2001). The student nates pack to incorporate this extra component into their teams arguments. Resource Accommodations low-toned tech There are no computers, projector, or internet door in the classroom. If this is the case, teacher may have to allocate time in different lessons to use school facilities where computers are gettable. Computers must be used so that the teacher can show students the kinds of websites that are conjectural, as well as to use sites, like youtube, to show students examples of debates. Computer use is requisite so teacher may have to take time before or after school to meet with students (who are willing) to show them the above-mentioned websites. Mid tech One computer connectedto a projector is available in the classroom. The teacher can use this computer to show examples of credible websites, as well as to show examples of debates online. High tech air division is equipped with several computers. Teams can go online themselves to view vi deos of debates and start research for their paper. In this way, the collaborative nature of the lesson will start even previous (in the pre-planning stage). Content-Based Literacy SkillsIn terms of text-based literacy students must incorporate information from their textbook into their arguments overcritical thinking, reflective thought, and text-supported thinking will be illustrated when students must draw connections mingled with internet-based information and textbook information while doing their analysis/research paper. This connection will be evaluated when students cute their sources within their paper. (This explanation will also illustrate students information literacy.) New Media Literacy SkillsPerformance This skill is illustrated when students view sample debates on the internet and use this as models of exertion in their own debates. Collective Intelligence This skill is done when students are within their respective teams and they must draw upon their own and oth ers ideas, research, and knowledge to fake strong arguments. Judgement This skill is illustrated when students must judge which websites and information are to be take ond in their research/analysis paper. Networking Once again, this skill is illustrated when students must search, connect, and analyze information on the internet for the purpose of their research/analysis paper (Jenkins, 2001). Learning MaterialTextbook Learners will need textbook so that they can recall information. Paper, pen Leaners will need so that they can write take in information. Rubric Both the learner and teacher needs. Learners need it so that they are aware of whats anticipate of them while working in teams and formulating their arguments. Teacher needs it so that he/she can refer to it when assessing the teams progress. Notes Learners will need them as a reference when formulating arguments. Stopwatch/watch This will be given tothe student whose job is timekeeper. Video Camera Used to record the deb ateLearning Plan Procedures form I Motivation ActivityTeacher will show a short clip of a in truth major powerful, interesting debate. Possibly a presidential debate. The clip will only show the most poignant part (according to the teacher) of the debate. Hopefully the clip will be no longer than 5 minutes long. (if theres no computer available, then teacher must bring in her/his own computer.) In a class of 30 chair/table. There will be 15 chairs/ tables on each side of the room. They will be facing eachother. Learners will enter the classroom and sit down immediately with their team. The teacher will then show the video as soon as the class is seated and quiet. This activity is being done to motivate, encourage, and remind students of what a good debate looks like so that the product of the students debates can match skills such as speaking (clear and concise) and eye-contact of the debaters within the video. Phase II Input (Teacher Driven) ActivityDuring this class, the teacher will, lot only as facilitator, therefore not much activity will be operate by the teacher. However, after the video, the teacher will remind students of the rubric that was given to them, and tell students that she/he is only their to assist in the logistics of the debate (time, flow, managing emotions if this becomes a problem). The teacher will also instruct students to take notes on each others arguments because this assignment will be important for their cookery assignment. She/he will also remind student that they will be recorded. Teacher will tell all students to take out their rubrics.She/He will go over some key point from the rubric as it relates to the debate. The teacher will tell students to make sure that they keep these key points in mind because these points will be assessed during the debate. The teacher will instruct students to have their rubrics out for the entire class so they can monitor their teams progress by themselves. Teacher will formally go over key questions from the rubric that he/she hopes the teams have incorporated into the nature of the debate (clear speech, eye contact,concise points, respectful behavior) as well as into the content of the debate. In term of the nature of the debate, questions capacity look like Is my team being quiet/respectful as the other team presents their arguments?, Are my responses to the others teams arguments not wound? etc. In terms of the content of the debate, questions may look like, Did my team incorporate facts from the textbook?, Did my team use at least two credible internet sources within the argument?, Did my team follow modified instructions assigned by the teacher (e.g. incorporating ideas from IEP students, ELL student, gifted students)?.This activity and these questions dish out to remind students of the importance of the collaborative nature of the learning verifiable. They also serve to remind students that they must be able to demonstrate their understanding of the Civil W ar unit, as well as their understanding of outside sources within the context of an argument. Phase III Output (Learner Driven) ActivityStudents will take part in a debate. The topic is Was the Emancipation Proclamation enacted for chaste reasons or political reasons? This activity will illustrate the learning objective in several ways. First, the collaborative nature of the previous classes will in the end be demonstrated. Second, the students must illustrate their knowledge of Civil War policies within their arguments. Third, both sides arguments must include information from outside sources. The teacher will select one team to present their arguments first. Recording will rangeThe speaker of that team will stand up and come to the front of the class. They will present their teams argument. In the argument they must mention the sources in which they got their information. For example, if they got a particular piece of data from the textbook, then they must state As is presented in the textbook. If they got a particular piece of data from the internet then they must state, As is presented on so-called website, or by so-called author They must also explicitly state how they used the special instructions from the teacher. For example, (ELLs students name) found that compromise was not a possible settlement of the Civil War. In this example, it is assumed that compromise was on a disputation of words that an ELL student did not understand. He/she presented these list of words tohis/her team. The team reviewed the list, and chose to use the word compromise as part of their argument. The student will finish the origination of his/her argument. The teacher will tell the next team to present its argument. The team will follow the same procedure as above. The teacher will then stop recording of the debate.This debate will naturally lead to questions, comments from both the teacher and the students. Phase IV Culmination.The teacher will ask the groups to clear u p any misunderstandings or misinformation the teams may have had within their argument. This is to give other team members a bump to speak about the argument, which reinforces the collaborative effort of the lesson. The teacher will also ask students how their teams or the other teams information and debate skills differed and how these things were similar to the debate presented in the beginning of the class. As a smaller activity, the teacher will instruct all the students to come up with one question, comment, critique of the other teams argument. This assignment will illustrate each students understanding of the Civil War Unit because it challenges students to relate, connect, or counter-argue their own knowledge of the unit. This question will be submitted to the teacher. Phase V ExtensionFor homework, students will write a one-page analysis of the opposing teams arguments. The student will address the opposing sides arguments. He/she will evaluate the arguments weaknesses, st rengths and why he/she disagreed or agreed with the points that were made. Learning Plan Analysis plastic assessments will include analyzing the collaborative efforts of the team, the behavior of each team during the presentation of the opposing teams arguments, how well each team member took on their role within their team, and how well the team incorporated textbook information, outside information, and special instructions from the teacher into their argument. A summative assessment will include the teachers evaluation of the internet analysis/research paper, the one-page analysis of opposing teams argument, teachers evaluations of the strength of the arguments, and finally the popular vote (the results of youtube or school-based website).Weaknesses of this lesson plan include time constraints, and the many assessments involved. It may be difficult to accurately assess how well each team members took on their roles. Some students may still be taking on more work than others. Also , incorporating ELL/IEP students proved to be a difficult task.. Strength of the lesson is it fosters team work, analytical skills, and gives students more power in the direction and carry throughation of a lesson. The teacher will implement these varied assessments in its first year, and then will evaluate the authorization of these assessments for future classes.The learning theories applied in the first phase was Vygotzkys Cognitive Process. Students are witnessing two adults debating and they are expected to try to learn/imitate the behaviors of those adults. In the second phase, social cognitive theory is at play. The teacher both models desired behaviors/outcomes, as well as emphasizes self-efficacy and self-regulation. In the third phase, constructivism is illustrated. The debate is student-driven because the students are demonstrating their constructed knowledge within the debate. The assessments have a behaviorist component. Negative reinforcement (decrease a behavior) is illustrated when the teacher warns students that if they are not respectful or a team member does not hand meaningfully, then they may be marked down (Ormrod, 2008).ReferencesAnderson, L. W. , & Krathwol, D. R. (2001) . A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing, 28-31.California Department of Education. (2013) California Common Core State Standards. http//www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/ss/documents/finalelaccssstandards.pdf Jenkins, H., Clinton, K., Purushotma, R., Robison, A. J., and Weigel, M. (2006). Confronting the Challenges of participatory Culture Media Education for the 21st Century. Chicago, IL MacArthur Foundation. Ormrod, J. E. (2008). Educational Psychology development Learners, 8. 25-36. Teachers First. (2014) http//www.teachersfirst.com/gifted_strategies.cfm