Megger’s Article Response Essay Example for Free

Meggers Article Response EssayBetty J. Meggers article, Environmental Limitation on the Development of Culture, examines how environmental habitats directly affect and influence culture. Meggers discusses the differing environmental types and its resulting effect on the people and their cultural victimisation. Her theoretical poser is grounded on the idea that the relationship between culture and its environment is not only base in terms of subsistence (802), but largely to a cultures experience with scattering (822). Diffusion depose best be defined as a process in which a cultural trait, idea, or behavior is spread from one society to another. While she does believe that the relative strength or failing of an environment to provide a suitable means for food production affects the adaptation and advancement of a culture, she also believes that cultural diffusion plays a vital role as well. According to Meggers, the general flavor is that environmental potentiality is the sole conditioner of cultural development (801). The span of environmental habitats into classified into 4 environmental types, ranging from Type 1 environments, which have the least artless potential, to Type 4 environments, which have un special(a) agricultural potential.Meggers does generally seem to agree that the environmental type can set limitations on the level of development a culture is able to obtain (816). Because Type 1 environments have the least agricultural potential, tribes must(prenominal) subsist mainly by hunting, fishing, and gathering. Cultures that live in Type 1 environments are relatively teensy-weensy in population size and tend to lead more of a nomadic lifestyle, a obligatory part of life because they must continually follow their food blood.As a result, their existence is observably simplistic because their primary focus is on satisfying only their very basic needs much(prenominal) as shelter and food. This type of environment results in a culture w here social organization and applied science is very limited in scope. The nomadic lifestyle necessitates that tribes remain relatively small, therefore making the single(a) family the basic social unit. Additionally, technology remains limited to only the most essential tools and utensils due to the limited resources available.According to Meggers, Type 1 and Type 2 environments seem to prohibit cultural advancement because of the limitations compel on a culture by the environment and the general lack of a suitable source of diffusion. Conversely, Type 4 environments have unlimited agricultural potential because they possess all the ideal conditions requirement for sustaining agriculture. Meggers calls Type 4 environments the cradles of civilization (804) because of their ability to develop and implement the technology necessary to sustain an agriculturally based lifestyle.Type 4 environments are typified by their complex social organization and cultural advancements. Meggers s tates that Type 4 civilizations are elaborate due to their intensive production of food and the necessary means of distribution. However, Meggers also believes that triumph of Type 3 and Type 4 environments to advance culturally is also heavily influenced by diffusion across cultures, or a cultures relative exposure and adoption of differing cultural norms, beliefs, and behaviors.